Discrimination in the workplace can be brought under which law?

• A. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
• B. Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause
• C. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
• D. Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer: (A)

The main concept here is federal protection against workplace discrimination through civil rights law, specifically Title VII. This law makes it illegal for employers, employment agencies, and labor unions to discriminate against individuals based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and it covers most private employers with fifteen or more employees. It also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate complaints and pursue remedies such as hiring, promotion, or reinstatement for those harmed by discrimination. While the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause can apply in cases involving state actors or government actions, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 expanded enforcement to state and local governments, Title VII remains the primary route for addressing workplace discrimination in the private sector. The Americans with Disabilities Act addresses a specific category—disability discrimination—but it sits alongside Title VII as part of the broader framework protecting workers from discriminatory treatment.